My wife turned on the wall switch and the pendant light over our dining room table went out. The fuse outside didn’t blow—none of them needed to be reset. I checked for power in the light’s hanging cord, but nothing. I pulled the wall switch to check for power and nothing there either. Thoughts?

Since you said you aren’t getting power to the bulb at all with the switch on. I would start by killing power via the circuit breaker, unscrewing the cover of the switch and checking the continuity between the two powered terminals on the switch using a multi-meter. It should read continuous when on, not when off.
If that test passes, check for GFCI outlets on the same circuit, see if any of them are tripped. A GFCI outlet, when properly wired, will protect an entire circuit and cut power to it.