

It’s a bit of a sad state of Europes electric car manufacturering that the only two mentioned manufacturers are Volvo/Polestar, both wholly owned by Chinese Geely, with production in China.
The ChargeUp organisation consists of charging infrastructure providers (including gas station companies like CircleK, BP, Total). The only manufacturer is (American) Tesla, presumably because of their charging infrastructure division. https://www.chargeupeurope.eu/membership
EmobilityEurope organization is mostly driver-associations and supply chain companies. The actual manufacturers are:
- Lucid (American)
- GM (American)
- Tesla (American)
- Polestar (Chinese/Swedish)
- NIO (Chinese)
- Rivian (American)
- Smart (initially German, currently Chinese)
- Volvo (Chinese/Swedish)
https://www.emobilityeurope.org/our-members/
So not a single European (electric) car manufacturer is involved








I had the same happen on the root folder on a SATA SSD. The SSD was dying (don’t remember if there was SMART errors, but the dmesg log showed write-errors. I cloned old SSD to a new SSD and haven’t seen the problem since. That was years ago.
When there are multiple consecutive write errors, Linux will re-moumt the partition as read-only to protect the data. (There usually a statement along the lines of “on-error:remount-ro” for the partition in the
/etc/fstabfile)