Yeah so there are still young nerds, they’re just all trans women now.

Fair enough, I don’t drink many sweet drinks and tried to carbonate soda water that way.

Re head space, you also need to make sure you’re leaving enough when you open it. You’re only very lightly carbonating with 3.5 g. Most soda water and softdrinks have a head pressure of around 70 psi, the bottles can actually spike to around 150 when dropped which is sort of terrifying. Without the addition of all the crap they add to slow nucleation bottles can erupt very merily when opened!

When making my own soda water (I just hook bottles up to a regulated stream of co2 and shake) I do actually add some but only about 1/8 of a teaspoon per litre.

Making things slightly salty makes them nice and I find it helps reduce some of the harsh acid taste the carboxylic acid. Also it seems to modify how the bubbles form which is interesting. Maybe a surface tension of water effect? I’m unsure there.

Really? But to get decent carbonation you would need to add a lot. Like 15 grams or so because dissolution is not very efficient, most the co2 is going to pressurise the headspace

Good question. The answer technically is maybe! however a few caveats.

Charcoal washes away into the ocean where it mysteriously disappears https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130419160715.htm it seems to enter the carbon cycle rather than get fixed. So maybe we could prevent that if we buried it very deep and sealed it in. Remember we are looking for a centuries long solution.

In practice: charcoal compacted has a density of like 1.5 g/cm3 coal is about 1.8. They’re both mostly carbon, we would need to bury a loooot of charcoal. We have dug up and burned tens of billions of tonnes, that is a lot of charcoal to bury and not just in the sort of open cut surface mines coal is usually excavated from.

Further making charcoal costs energy, even if you fuel it with the wood you’re processing. It’s a staggeringly expensive prospect to make billions of tonnes. There are around 280 billion tonnes of carbon that need fixing, that is just atmospheric. Significant portions are dissolved in the ocean and would start to come out as we reduced atmospheric carbon.

Carbon fixation is an unimaginably large project, we would need cheap fusion and decades to make it practical. Essentially you want to reverse the energy consumption of everyone on earth for the last 200 years, it just isn’t realistic.

For the few thousands of years we’re pretty much stuck with whatever we emit. Barring massive technological changes that are unforseeable

yeah and uhhh how much of that wood is still around. A lot of the carbon is in the atmosphere which is part of the problem.

I don’t think you quite comprehend how much we’ve dug up. Reforestation isn’t a bad thing but it wouldn’t put a dent in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

you have to consider the steady state case.

trees don’t fix carbon long term because they eventually rot. Coal/oil are the only natural ways in sizeable quantities and because organisms that can digest shit exist now.

If we could somehow pull the carbon out of the atmosphere, bind it up into a solid rock, and bury it deep underground away from bacteria and fungi that would metabolise it back into the air that would be really good.

In the mean time we should focus on not digging up exactly that aka coal.

I’m actually the shards of what was once a bad physicist who dropped out of a PhD because they’re hard and I’m brittle.

I should’ve done chemistry though, firstly because it is cool and involves more than crying at your desk, secondly because I would actually have a job, thirdly because if I didn’t have a job I could at least make some drugs to cope with the stress, and fourthly because if the government came for my coping drugs I could make bombs to throw at them till they left me alone.

Edit my comment? Erase my mistake?

Tell me young one, can a man be unkilled? a lie untold? a promise unbroken?

Nay, I have done a fell thing and shall wear the stain of it forever.

Yeah I tried this once as a kid haha. You neutralise a bunch of the acid so it isn’t crisp and sharp, instead it tastes like mildly lemon salt.

oh sorry brain fart, replace ethanoic acid with citric, same difference really it’ll still be salty. I thought you meant adding vinegar and bicard like highschool science to make co2.

If you want though you can generate the co2 that way separately and pump the gas into the lemonade. That’ll not ruin the flavour

Yes, except don’t do this.

The reaction is

NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH -> Na⁺ + CH3COO^- + + H₂O + CO₂

If you know how to read those. Sure the CO2 is the same if you let the vessel pressurise but that sodium ion and ethanoate isn’t! Sodium salts taste well very salty. It’ll ruin the lemonade

edit: oh also if climate. If you burn a tonne of coal that’s 3 tonnes of CO2 in what I like to call “nature’s fume hood” (don’t worry I’m sure it’s consequence free). We currently burn about 15 billion tonnes of coal alone per year. When I carbonate a litre of water around 5 grams dissolves I think? so if we have every single person on earth a litre of fizzy water each day we would emit 120 million tonnes of co2 a year. Which is 1% of coal alone, which is less than half our emissions of CO2 for power alone, and co2 isn’t the only factor in warming.

So even in the absolutely insane case of a planet of fizzy water addicts where even babies are chugging the stuff it wouldn’t matter at all.

If you think it is acceptable to lash out at someone you’re mean and if you can’t find ways to communicate clearly without lashing out you’re a bad communicator.

Linux/open source has a massive problem with finding maintainers and contributors for critical projects and a significant contributor is just how awful the communication culture of programmers is.

Linus doesn’t love that, he literally got therapy to not be like that. Maybe there’s a lesson there for you.

In fact, in a more recent talk he mentioned being horrified at the sort of people who liked how he spoke and the way they assumed he shared their political opinions as a significant motivator.

you should always check the date of anything you see online before forming any thoughts about it.

That’s capitalists not scientists. Scientists make bridges possible, capitalists charge you to cross them.

To his credit he undertook sensitivity training and is a much, much, better communicator now.

He used to channel the whole juvenile angry-but-gifted programmer crap, accepted (eventually) the criticisms and did the right thing: changed.

Why do you assume it’s not the reporting that’s stupid?

So that’s what ~1.5 mg/kg transdermal I guess. Assume some waste from swallowing. Yeah probably around the same delivery rate and dose as subcutaneous injection