FWIW, yt-dlp can do the ffmpeg part for you with the flags -x --audio-format mp3

ligatures are when you join two or more glyphs into a single one. For instance, instead of having the two characters = and > to form => if you had ligature support you would see ⇒. Some terminals have support to recognize sequences like => (and others obviously) and turn them into their corresponding ligatures (only for display though, the actual file contents remain umchanged)

As a native, I can confirm that when you order a three-way (no I’m not kidding, that’s actually what they’re called) they will absolutely murder it with shredded cheese. Sometimes it’s piled up like 3-4 inches high. They do the same with the coneys too but you can only really stack like 2 inches of cheese on a hot dog bun.

Yes, and they have for a while: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Page_Visibility_API

It’s meant as a way to optimize the page when not in use but a sufficiently motivated entity could easily use it to measure your attentiveness to the content. I don’t personally know of any extensions that disable this but it does require JS, so noscript would stop it (but likely also break most of the web for you)