Lemmygrad’s resident expert on fascism’ — GrainEater, 2024

The political desperadoes and ignoramuses, who say they would “Rather be Dead than Red”, should be told that no one will stop them from committing suicide, but they have no right to provoke a third world war.’ — Morris Kominsky, 1970

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Joined 7 years ago
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Cake day: August 27th, 2019

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  • The one thing that I miss about Windows is how much easier it was to install and try computer games. Recently I purchased The Settlers® 2: Gold Edition through Good Old Games, and after installing it through Minigalaxy I tried to play it but DOSBox stalled on me until I forced it to crash. WINE gave me an error message, too, and I ran into similar difficulties when I tried to replay Majesty Gold HD. I don’t know how to fix my problems (yet) but the repeated complications almost make me miss Windows. Almost.




  • As Professor Christopher Duggan points out, much of the enthusiasm for the invasion of Ethiopia stemmed from feelings that it would expiate the trials and tribulations suffered by Italy. He quotes a young recruit writing to Mussolini in early August 1935 a letter that shows how completely the young generation had swallowed the Duce’s propaganda.

    The invasion would gain a ‘most beautiful victory’ for Italy, would ‘avenge the error of Versailles’, and would make Italy a great nation. ‘Today’, he added, ‘the youth of Italy has leapt forward as one man, ready to bear arms and carry into the barbarian land the symbol of Rome, symbol of greatness, civilisation and strength.’²⁰

    Although Ethiopia did not participate in the First World War and thus had nothing to do with the Treaty of Versailles, the idea that annexing Ethiopia and handing over its resources to Italians would ‘avenge the error of Versailles’ was widespread among Italians. The vast majority of the invaders, many of whom were from poor peasant families, actually believed, absurd though it may seem today, that they were each entitled to a piece of far-away Ethiopia.

    (Source.)

    Marino […] states that he and his colleagues were instructed to kill civilians in retribution for the attack on Graziani. ‘We were told to revenge,’ he says, explaining that the Blackshirts took the lead in the killing.

    Asked about the reaction to the massacre, in an interesting reflection on what the Italians thought the Ethiopians believed, he states that the Ethiopians were shocked and demoralised, because they had ‘thought that the Italians had come to bring civilisation’.

    (Source.)

    One of the principal objectives was to steal property, but, apart from chickens, livestock was apparently not wanted by the Blackshirts, yet they did not escape the general slaughter. ‘Some of the Ethiopian shepherds tried to herd some of the poor beasts into a corner, which appeared to them to offer some protection, but even the animals were not spared from rifles and machine guns’.⁶⁰

    (Source.)

    The idea that Ethiopian commanders represented new Hannibals, challenging Italy’s revived Roman imperialism, also implies the hope that Italy would eventually triumph over Ethiopia, as Rome finally destroyed Carthage. Indeed, Oriani locates Scipio’s victory over Hannibal as an important reference point for Italian history, embodied by the road.

    (Emphasis added in all cases. Source.)

    Witnessing Herzlian indoctrination I can’t help but think of parallels in Fascist and protofascist indoctrination. Seeing these settlers divide humanity in Chosen, unchosen, and animals, for instance, makes me think of a certain Fascist who divided humanity into culture-creators, culture-bearers, and culture-destroyers. The parallels are easy to explain: these are colonizers operating in very similar frameworks.






  • Throughout the early years of the war, [Reich] officials tried to provide a legalistic image, often by shifting blame for the onset of terror bombing to the British. In May 1940, the New York Times published a column claiming that Hermann Göring, the supreme commander of the Luftwaffe, threatened retaliatory strikes against Great Britain, specifically using the word terror in its inflammatory language.²¹ Promising “mighty blows” against the British body and flexing the perceived muscle of the [Luftwaffe], Göring was laying blame for his intentional targeting of civilian populations squarely on British military operations against Germany.²²

    While this was framed as a retaliation for British operations and the Blitz—an all-out aerial assault aimed primarily against civilians which lasted almost a full year—is often cited as the beginning of German aggression towards civilian populations, that explanation is far from the truth. It is important to remember that [Fascist] fire rained on Warsaw and other Polish cities months before the publication of this article, not to mention Guernica years before.

    While Göring threatened only Great Britain, the Luftwaffe went on to target Dutch and Belgian cities as well as French border towns like Mareuil with terror strikes only five months later, using the same methods that were tested at Guernica. The first sorties of the Blitz didn’t fly until early July of 1940, long after the Reichsmarschall made his threat.

    (Source.)










  • I found one exception:

    [T]he only proven survivors were the two sailors sent along to row the boats, Nikolai Sjirokov and Mikail Klimov. They were captured by [Axis] authorities at the end of March, freezing and starving. During the subsequent investigation in the vicinity of the landing site, the [Axis] found human bones, body parts and even a human head. What remained of the bodies could not be identified, and exactly how they died could not be established. Sjirokov and Klimov would eventually be brought to Oslo, where they were presented as cannibals in a press conference[.]

    The Axis was a little less courteous when it came to the hospital ship Armenia.

    ETA: From Waves of Hate, pg. 106:

    Immediately after the sinking, Kefalas had said, he got onto a raft together with one of the Russian sailors, Liossis and Kostantinidis. The submarine came alongside and called Kefalas and the Russian on board for interrogation. Among other things, the [Axis] wanted to know the name of the ship and retained a lifebuoy with her name on it, presumably as proof of the sinking.

    The two men were returned to the raft and were on it when a grenade was thrown. The blast broke the Third Officer’s arm, and both Liossis and Kostantinidis were wounded. The latter died of these wounds on 15 March and was buried at sea.